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How Does Machine Espresso Work? Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the perfect cup of coffee. What exactly is it? Espresso is made by pushing hot water under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the major difference is in the pressure. The Group Head The name implies the group head is where you put your portafilter in when brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are various kinds of group head each with its distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, whereas others on pre-infusion options, and others are designed to control the lever. There are some that come with a range of features, such as the E61 one, which is the most popular choice among baristas due to its ability to offer multiple benefits in one package. As you can see in the above image the group head comes with several notches where you put your portafilter, then twist it manually to lock it in. There is also a gasket of rubber which is located inside the notches and helps to create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit an exact placement of the portafilter. This is vital for an even extraction. The group head is not just able to allow you to place your portafilter easily, but it also maintains a constant temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket to ensure the temperature is always right for extraction. It is crucial to keep in mind that even a slight deviation can make the difference between a decent and a great espresso. The Pump The motorized pumps in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure required to extract espresso. This is different from manual piston machines which use levers. The pressure is created by removing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior to being shot through the ground coffee inside the group head. Pumps tend to be less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines are susceptible to degrading due to excessive use and insufficient cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems and can lead to a high price tag on even the simplest models. Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. This can result in over-extraction because the boiler that makes steam also heats the water until it comes to a boil. Additionally the machines often have to restore their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy. Many espresso machines utilize a vibration or rotary pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc that generates the pressure, and an rotary model that pushes hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both types of machines can make excellent espresso, but rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps. The Boiler The boiler is the one that will heat the water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The steam created reaches the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure and pushes through the coffee grounds. This creates a foam on the top of the espresso. This is a sign of a great espresso. There are three kinds of espresso makers, which differ in the kind of pump they use and how hot the coffee is. There are many ways to control the strength of the brew and the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine. The first espresso machines were steam-based. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. This is the reason Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern espresso machine. The most common espresso maker is a semi-automatic machine with an electric pump. These are the images people have when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanised consistency. The Filter Typically, espresso machines have a filter to separate out the coffee grounds as they pass through the hot water. The filter is also an essential element of the temperature control system as it prevents the machine from overheating. Filters also aid in flavor because it allows for a longer flowering period. This allows the beans to release their flavor and gives an opportunity to improve extraction. It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can produce a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, as well as the extraction, are still crucial. This is where the magic happens. It's what makes espresso taste great. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, the thingy which you put the grounds of your coffee into when making espresso. In an espresso machine that is driven by steam, hot water is heated in an airtight container to produce steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds under high pressure. These kinds of machines are generally less expensive and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing, since they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bar. In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. i was reading this use an air-compressor to force hot water into the ground and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.